Ubwoko bwa fungicide
1.1 Ukurikije imiterere yimiti
Imiti yica udukoko:Ibice byingenzi bigize izo fungiside nibintu kama karubone. Kubera imiterere itandukanye, fungicide irashobora kurwanya neza indwara zitandukanye.
Chlorothalonil: fungiside yagutse, ikunze gukoreshwa ku mboga, imbuto n'ibiti by'imitako.
Thiophanate-methyl: gukumira no kuvura indwara, bikoreshwa ku biti by'imbuto, imboga n'ibindi.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicide
Fungiside idasanzwe:Fungiside ya organic organique igizwe ahanini ninganda zidasanzwe, nkumuringa, sulferi nibindi. Iyi fungicide ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi kandi ifite igihe kirekire gisigaye.
Amazi ya Bordeaux: gukumira no kuvura indwara kubiti byimbuto, imboga, nibindi.
Amazi ya sufuru: fungiside gakondo, ikoreshwa mu nzabibu, imboga, nibindi.
1.2 Ukurikije isoko y'ibikoresho fatizo bya fungicide
Fungiside idasanzwe:Harimo imyiteguro y'umuringa na sulfuru, izo fungiside zikoreshwa kenshi muguhashya indwara zifata na bagiteri.
Umuringa oxychloride: kurwanya indwara zifata na bagiteri.
Fungiside ya sulfure kama:Iyi fungicide yica cyane cyane bagiteri ziterwa na virusi mu kurekura hydrogène sulfide, ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ifu ya powdery nizindi ndwara zifata.
Ifu ya sufuru: kugenzura ifu ya mildew, ingese nibindi.
Organicosifore fungicide:Ifumbire ya Organofosifore ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi kugirango igabanye indwara za bagiteri na fungal, hamwe na spécran nini kandi ikora neza.
Mancozeb: fungicide yagutse, kurwanya indwara zitandukanye.
Organic arsenic fungicides:Nubwo ari ingirakamaro, ubu barimo gukurwaho kubera uburozi bwabo bwinshi.
Acide ya Arsenic: uburozi bukabije, ubu bwakuweho.
Ibikomoka kuri Benzene fungicide:Iyi fungiside iratandukanye muburyo kandi ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kurwanya indwara zitandukanye, nka mildew yamanutse na powdery mildew.
Carbendazim: fungicide yagutse, kurwanya ibiti byimbuto, imboga nizindi ndwara.
Azole fungicide:Azole fungiside ibuza guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu bwoko bwa fungal kugirango zice bagiteri zitera indwara, zikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya indwara n'imbuto n'imboga.
Tebuconazole: gukora neza, bikunze gukoreshwa mubiti byimbuto, kurwanya indwara zimboga.
Sisitemu ya Fungicide Tebuconazole 25% EC
Fungiside y'umuringa:Imyiteguro yumuringa igira ingaruka zikomeye za bagiteri, zikunze gukoreshwa muguhashya indwara ziterwa na fungal na bagiteri.
Hydroxide y'umuringa: kurwanya ibiti by'imbuto, imboga n'izindi ndwara.
Antibiyotike fungicide:Antibiyotike ikorwa na mikorobe, nka streptomycine na tetracycline, ikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya indwara za bagiteri.
Streptomycine: kurwanya indwara za bagiteri.
Imiti yica udukoko:Guteranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa fungicide birashobora kunoza ingaruka za fungicide no kugabanya kurwanya bagiteri zitera indwara.
Zineb: ifumbire mvaruganda, kurwanya indwara zitandukanye.
Kurinda Ibihingwa Fungicides Zineb 80% WP
Izindi fungiside:Harimo bimwe bishya kandi bidasanzwe bya fungicide, nkibikomoka ku bimera hamwe n’ibinyabuzima.
Icyayi cyamavuta yingenzi: ibimera bisanzwe bivamo fungiside, antibacterial yagutse.
1.3 Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha
Ibikoresho byo gukingira: ikoreshwa mu gukumira indwara.
Uruvange rwa Bordeaux: rukozwe mu muringa wa sulfate na lime, rufite ingaruka nini ya bagiteri yica bagiteri kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira indwara ziterwa na fungal na bagiteri z’ibiti byimbuto, imboga n’ibindi bihingwa.
Ihagarikwa rya sufuru: ibyingenzi ni sulfure, ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda no kurwanya indwara nyinshi zifata ibihumyo, nka powdery mildew, ingese nibindi.
Ibikoresho byo kuvura: ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimaze kubaho.
Carbendazim: fungiside yagutse ifite ingaruka zo gukumira no kuvura, zikoreshwa cyane mukurinda no kugenzura ibiti byimbuto, imboga nizindi ndwara zifata.
Thiophanate-methyl: Ifite ingaruka zifatika no kuvura, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mukurwanya indwara yibiti byimbuto, imboga nindabyo.
Kurandura: Ikoreshwa mugukuraho burundu virusi.
Formaldehyde: ikoreshwa mu kwanduza ubutaka, hamwe no kuyangiza no kurandura burundu indwara ziterwa na virusi, zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ubutaka bwa pariki no mu busitani.
Chloropicrin: fumigant y'ubutaka, ikoreshwa mu kwica bagiteri zitera indwara, udukoko n'imbuto z'ibyatsi mu butaka, bibereye pariki, pariki ndetse n'ubutaka.
Abakozi ba sisitemu: Yakuwe mu mizi cyangwa amababi kugirango ugere ku bimera byose.
Tebuconazole: fungiside yagutse ya fungiside, yica bagiteri itera indwara muguhagarika synthesis ya selile selile, ikoreshwa cyane mubiti byimbuto, imboga nibihingwa byibiribwa.
Kubungabunga: ikoreshwa mukurinda kwangirika kwingirangingo.
Sulfate y'umuringa: hamwe n'ingaruka za bagiteri na antiseptike, zikoreshwa cyane mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara za bagiteri z’ibimera no kwirinda ko ibimera byangirika.
1.4 Ukurikije ibiranga imiyoboro
Sisitemu Fungicide: irashobora kwinjizwa nigihingwa ikayoborwa ku gihingwa cyose, hamwe ningaruka nziza zo kugenzura.
Pyraclostrobin: ubwoko bushya bwa fungiside ya sisitemu ya fungiside hamwe ningaruka zo gukumira no kuvura, zikoreshwa cyane mubiti byimbuto, imboga nibindi.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25% SC
Non-sorbent fungicide: gusa ugire uruhare kurubuga rusaba, ntuzimuka mubihingwa.
Mancozeb: imiti myinshi irinda fungiside, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya indwara z’ibihumyo, ntizimuka mu gihingwa nyuma yo kuyisaba.
1.5 Ukurikije umwihariko wibikorwa
Urubuga rwinshi (rudasanzwe) fungicide: kora inzira zirenze imwe ya physiologique ya patogene.
Mancozeb: ikora kumikorere myinshi ya physiologique ya patogene, igira ingaruka nini ya bagiteri yica bagiteri, kandi ikingira indwara zitandukanye.
Urubuga rumwe (rwihariye) fungicide: kora gusa kubikorwa byihariye bya physiologique ya patogene.
Tebuconazole: Ikora muburyo bwihariye bwa physiologique ya patogene kandi ikica bagiteri zitera indwara muguhagarika synthesis ya selile selile.
1.6 Ukurikije inzira zitandukanye zikorwa
Kurwanya fungicide: harimo ingaruka ziterwa na bagiteri na bagiteri zisigaye.
Mancozeb: mugari-mugari urinda fungiside, ikoreshwa mukurinda indwara zitandukanye.
Ihagarikwa rya sufuru: fungiside yagutse, ikoreshwa mukurinda no kurwanya ifu yanduye ningese.
Fungicide: harimo gutwarwa na apical nuyobora.
Pyraclostrobin: uburyo bushya bwagutse bwa sisitemu ya fungiside hamwe ningaruka zo gukumira no kuvura.
Propiconazole: fungiside ya sisitemu, ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda no kurwanya indwara zintete, ibiti byimbuto nibindi bihingwa.
Organic Fungicide Propiconazole 250g / L EC
1.7 Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha
Kuvura ubutaka:
Formaldehyde: ikoreshwa mu kwanduza ubutaka, kwica bagiteri zitera mu butaka.
Kuvura ibiti n'amababi:
Carbendazim: Yifashishwa mu gutera ibiti by'ibiti n'amababi kugirango bigabanye indwara zitandukanye.
Kuvura imbuto:
Thiophanate-methyl: ikoreshwa mu kuvura imbuto kugirango wirinde mikorobe no kwanduza indwara.
1.8 Ukurikije ibinyabuzima bitandukanye
Fungiside idasanzwe:
Bordeaux ivanze: imvange ya sulfate y'umuringa na lime, fungiside yagutse.
Amazi ya sufuru: akoreshwa cyane mugucunga ifu yifu, ingese nibindi.
Imiti yica udukoko:
Carbendazim: fungicide yagutse, kurwanya indwara zitandukanye.
Tebuconazole: mugari-mugari wa sisitemu ya fungiside, ibuza synthesis ya fungal selile.
Fungiside yibinyabuzima:
Streptomycine: antibiyotike ikorwa na mikorobe, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya indwara za bagiteri.
Indwara ya antibiotique yubuhinzi:
Streptomycine: antibiotike, kurwanya indwara za bagiteri.
Tetracycline: antibiotike, kurwanya indwara za bagiteri.
Ibihingwa biva mu bimera:
Icyayi cyamavuta yingenzi: ibimera bivamo ibimera bifite antibacterial antifacterial.
1.9 Ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye bwimiterere yimiti
Ibikomoka kuri Carbamate fungicide:
Carbendazim: fungicide yagutse kugirango igenzure indwara zitandukanye.
Amide fungicide:
Metribuzin: ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya nyakatsi, nayo igira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe.
Ibice bitandatu bigize heterocyclic fungicides:
Pyraclostrobin: uburyo bushya bwagutse bwa sisitemu ya fungiside hamwe ningaruka zo gukumira no kuvura.
Abanyamuryango batanu ba heterocyclic fungicides:
Tebuconazole: mugari-mugari wa sisitemu ya fungiside, ibuza ingirabuzimafatizo.
Organofosifore na mikorobe ya fungicide:
Methomyl: ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza, ariko kandi igira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe.
Fungiside y'umuringa:
Bordeaux ivanze: imvange ya sulfate y'umuringa na lime, ubugari-bugari.
Fungiside ya organic organique:
Guhagarika sufuru: ikoreshwa cyane mugucunga ifu ya mildew, ingese, nibindi ..
Organic arsenic fungicides:
Acide ya Arsenic: uburozi bukabije, ubu bwakuweho.
Izindi fungiside:
Ibimera bivamo nibindi bishya (nkamavuta yingenzi yicyayi cyamavuta): ingaruka za antibacterial mugari, kurengera ibidukikije numutekano.
Ubwoko bwa fungiside
Ifu (DP)
Numuti wica udukoko wumwimerere hamwe nuwuzuza inert ivanze mukigero runaka, kumenagura no gushungura ifu. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muguterera ifu mubikorwa.
2.2 Ifu itose (WP)
Numuti wica udukoko wumwimerere, wuzuza nubwinshi bwinyongeramusaruro, ugereranije no kuvanga byuzuye no kumenagura, kugirango ugere kubwiza bwifu. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutera.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
Azwi kandi nka "emulsion". Umuti wica udukoko wumwimerere ukurikije igipimo runaka cyumuti wumuti na emulisiferi ushonga mumazi meza. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutera. Emulion iroroshye kwinjira muri epidermis y'udukoko, biruta ifu yuzuye.
2.4 Amazi (AS)
Imiti yica udukoko irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa namazi nta nyongeramusaruro. Nka lisosulfurike ya kirisiti, aside yica udukoko kabiri, nibindi ..
2.5 Granules (GR)
Byakozwe mugutangaza umubare munini wibikoresho hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka, cinder, amatafari yamatafari, umucanga. Mubisanzwe uwuzuza hamwe nudukoko twica udukoko twajanjaguwe hamwe muburyo bwiza bwifu yifu, ongeramo amazi numufasha wogukora granules. Irashobora gukwirakwizwa n'intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwa mashini.
2.6 Guhagarika ibikorwa (guhagarika gel) (SC)
Gukoresha ibishishwa bya ultra-micro-gusya, ifu yica udukoko ikwirakwizwa mumazi cyangwa amavuta hamwe na surfactants, gushiraho amavuta yimyunyu ngugu. Umukozi wo guhagarika avanze nigipimo icyo aricyo cyose cyamazi kugirango ashonga, akwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutera. Nyuma yo gutera, irashobora kuzigama 20% ~ 50% yumuti wica udukoko wumwimerere kubera kurwanya imvura.
2.7 Fumigant (FU)
Gukoresha ibintu bikomeye hamwe na acide sulfurike, amazi nibindi bintu kugirango bitange imyuka yubumara, cyangwa gukoresha ibintu bito bitetse byamazi yangiza imyuka ihumanya imyuka ihumanya, fumigasi ahantu hafunze nibindi bidukikije kugirango yice udukoko na mikorobe zitegura.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol ni umuti wamavuta wica udukoko twangiza udukoko, gukoresha ubushyuhe cyangwa imbaraga za mashini, ayo mazi akwirakwizwa muguhagarika guhoraho kwudutonyanga duto mu kirere, bihinduka aerosol.
Uburyo bwa fungicide
3.1 Ingaruka kumiterere y'akagari n'imikorere
Fungiside ibuza imikurire n’imyororokere ya bagiteri itera indwara bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yinkuta za selile na plasma membrane biosynthesis. Fungiside zimwe na zimwe zituma ingirabuzimafatizo zidakingirwa no gusenya synthesis y'urukuta rw'akagari, amaherezo biganisha ku rupfu.
3.2 Ingaruka ku musaruro w'ingirabuzimafatizo
Fungicide irashobora kubangamira uburyo bwo kubyara ingufu za virusi binyuze munzira zitandukanye. Kurugero, fungicide zimwe zibuza glycolysis na aside irike β-okiside, kugirango mikorobe idashobora kubyara ingufu mubisanzwe, amaherezo bikabaviramo gupfa.
3.3 Kugira ingaruka kuri synthesis ya selile metabolike selile nimirimo yabyo
Fungicide zimwe zikora zibangamira synthesis ya acide nucleic acide na proteyine. Izi nzira zo guhinduranya ni ngombwa mu mikurire no kororoka kwa virusi; kubwibyo, muguhagarika izo nzira, fungicide irashobora kugenzura neza ikwirakwizwa ryindwara.
3.4 Gutera ibimera kwiyobora
Fungicide zimwe na zimwe ntizikora gusa kuri bagiteri zitera indwara, ahubwo zitera no kurwanya indwara. Iyi fungiside irashobora gutuma ibimera bitanga "ibintu birinda umubiri" byihariye birwanya virusi cyangwa bikagira uruhare muri metabolisme kugirango bitange ibintu bifasha kurwanya virusi, bityo ibihingwa bikarwanya indwara.
Umwanzuro
Fungiside igira uruhare runini mubuhinzi bugezweho mu kurwanya no gukumira indwara z’ibimera mu buryo butandukanye. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa fungicide ifite imiterere yabyo mubijyanye nimiterere yimiti, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, imitungo itwara hamwe nuburyo bwibikorwa, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byubuhinzi. Guhitamo neza no gukoresha fungiside birashobora kuzamura neza umusaruro nubwiza bwibihingwa kandi bigafasha iterambere rirambye ryumusaruro wubuhinzi.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo 1: Fungiside kama ni iki?
Fungiside kama ni fungiside ikozwe mubintu kama karubone, ifite imiterere itandukanye ningaruka zitandukanye za bagiteri.
Ibibazo 2: Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa fungicide?
Ubwoko bwa dosiye nyamukuru ya fungicide harimo ifu, ifu yanduye, amavuta yangiza, ibisubizo byamazi, granules, geles, fumigants, aerosole na fumigants.
Ibibazo 3: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya fungiside ya sisitemu na fungiside idafite gahunda?
Fungiside irashobora kwinjizwa nigihingwa hanyuma ikanduzwa ku gihingwa cyose, gifite ingaruka nziza zo kugenzura; fungiside idafite sorbent ikorera kurubuga rusaba gusa kandi ntukimuke mubihingwa.
Ikibazo cya 4: Nigute fungiside igira ingaruka kuri metabolism selile?
Fungiside ibuza imikurire n’imyororokere ya virusi mu kubangamira synthesis ya acide nucleic na proteyine, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ingufu, no gusenya imiterere ya selile.
Ibibazo 5: Ni izihe nyungu za fungiside ikomoka ku bimera?
Fungicide yibihingwa ikozwe mubikomoka ku bimera kandi muri rusange ni bike muburozi, bitangiza ibidukikije kandi ntibishobora gutera imbaraga zo guhangana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-01-2024
