Abamectinni ubwoko bwa antibiyotike yica udukoko, acariside na nematicide yatejwe imbere ku bufatanye na Merck (ubu ni Syngenta) yo muri Amerika, ikaba yarahawe akato ku butaka bwa Streptomyces Avermann yaho na kaminuza ya Kitori mu Buyapani mu 1979. Irashobora gukoreshwa kurwanya udukoko nka mite, lepidoptera, homoptera, coleoptera, nematode yumuzi ku bihingwa byinshi, ibiti byera imbuto, indabyo n’ibiti, nk'inyenzi ya diyama, inyenzi z’ibiti byera imbuto, inyenzi, inyenzi zo mu mashyamba, ibitagangurirwa bitukura, thrips, ibihingwa, amababi umucukuzi, aphide, n'ibindi.
1 Abamectin · Fluazinam
Fluazinam nikintu gishya cya pyrimidine bactericidal na acaricidal. Byavuzwe ko bifite ingaruka za bagiteri mu 1982. Mu 1988, ni uruganda rwakozwe kandi rutangizwa na Syngenta na Ishihara Corporation yo mu Buyapani. Mu 1990, Fluazinam, ifu y’amazi 50%, yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa mbere mu Buyapani. Uburyo bwibikorwa byayo ni mitochondrial oxyde ya fosifora ihuza imiti, ishobora kubuza inzira zose ziterambere rya bagiteri zanduye. Ntishobora gusa kubuza kurekura no kumera kwa zoospores zo mu bwoko bwa patogene, ariko kandi irashobora no gukumira imikurire ya mycelium ya patogene no gukora ingingo zitera. Ifite uburinzi bukomeye, ariko nta buryo bwo kubuza no kuvura, ariko ifite kwihangana no kurwanya isuri.
Ifumbire mvaruganda ya Abamectin na haloperidine ikoreshwa muri rusange mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ibihingwa, bidashobora gusa kugenzura neza udukoko twa phytofagusi nk'igitagangurirwa, ariko kandi birinda ko habaho indwara zitandukanye.
2 Abamectin · pyridaben
Pyridaben, umuti wica udukoko twitwa thiazidone na acaricide, yakozwe na Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. mite, kandi ifite n'ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kurwanya aphide, ibihuru byumuhondo, ibibabi byamababi nibindi byonnyi. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni udukoko twica udukoko hamwe na acariside, ni ukuvuga, cyane cyane ibuza guhuza ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe mu ngingo zimitsi, imitsi ya nervice na sisitemu yo kwanduza udukoko. Ifite imikoranire ikomeye yica imitungo, ariko ntigira ingaruka zo kwinjiza imbere no guhumeka.
Avi · pyridaben ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya miti yangiza nk'igitagangurirwa gitukura, ariko kubera ko pyridaben yakoreshejwe ku bihingwa bitandukanye igihe kinini kandi inshuro nyinshi, irwanya nayo nini, bityo rero ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko burasabwa gukoreshwa mu gukumira no kugenzura mite yangiza mugihe itabayeho cyangwa mugihe cyambere cyo kubaho. Hariho cyane cyane emulsiyo, microemuliyoni, ifu yanduye, emulsiyo yamazi hamwe nubutumwa bwo guhagarika.
3 Abamectin · Etoxazole
Etimazole ni acariside ya oxazoline, acide ya diphenyl oxazoline ikomoka kuri acariside yavumbuwe kandi ikorwa na Sumitomo Corporation yo mu Buyapani mu 1994. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu miti yangiza cyane nka Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus holoclavatus, Tetranychus originalis na Tetranychus imbuto za cinnabarinusus. , indabyo nibindi bihingwa. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni chitin inhibitor, ni ukuvuga, kubuza urusoro gukora amagi ya mite no gukuramo amabyi akiri mato akuze. Ifite ingaruka zo guhura kwica nuburozi bwigifu, kandi ntigira imbere. Ifite ibikorwa byinshi birwanya amagi ya mite, mite na nymphs, kandi bigira ingaruka mbi kuri mite zikuze, ariko irashobora kubuza gutera intanga cyangwa kubyara ingore zikuze, kandi irwanya isuri.
Avenidazole irakwiriye gukoreshwa mugihe cyambere cyo kwandura miti yangiza cyangwa iyo ivumbuwe.
4 Abamectin · Bifenazat
Bifenazat ni ubwoko bwa acifiside ya Bifenazat, yavumbuwe na Sosiyete yambere Uniroy (ubu ni Koju Company) mu 1996, hanyuma ikorwa hamwe na Nissan Chemical mu Buyapani. Yashyizwe ku rutonde mu 2000 nka hydrazine ikora (cyangwa diphenylhydrazine) acaricide. Uyu muti ntabwo ukora neza kuruta Ethyndrite, ariko kandi ufite umutekano kubihingwa. Ikoreshwa mubwoko bwinshi bwa mite yangiza nka Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus flavus, Tetranychus totalis, nibindi kubiti byimbuto, imboga, ibihingwa byimitako hamwe na melon. Ifite ingaruka zo kwica, nta kwinjiza imbere, kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yubushyuhe buke. Ifite akamaro mubuzima bwose bwa mite (amagi, nymphs na mite zikuze) kandi ifite ibikorwa byo kwica amagi nibikorwa byo gukomanga kuri mite zikuze. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni ukubuza ingirabuzimafatizo, ni ukuvuga kuri sisitemu yo hagati ya nervice yo hagati ya mite γ - Imikorere idasanzwe ya reseptor ya aminobutyric (GABA) irashobora kubuza uburyo bwo gutwara imitsi yo hagati ya mite kugirango igere ku ngaruka zo kwica.
Avil · Bifenazat ester ntabwo ikora cyane mubwicanyi, ariko kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyara imiti. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubihingwa byinshi.
6 Abamectin · Hexythiazox
Thiazolidinone ni ubwoko bwa acariside ikorwa na Caoda Company yo mu Buyapani. Yibasiwe cyane cyane nigitagangurirwa, kandi gifite ibikorwa bike birwanya ingese na mite. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni sisitemu ya acariside itari ifite sisitemu, ifite ingaruka zo kwica no gukoraho uburozi bwigifu, kandi ikaba idafite uburyo bwo kwinjiza imbere, ariko ikagira ingaruka nziza kuri epidermis yibihingwa. Ifite ibikorwa byiza birwanya amagi ya mite na mite. Nubwo ifite ubumara buke kuri mite ikuze, irashobora kubuza gutera amagi yabagore bakuze. Acaricide idafite ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga, ntabwo igira ingaruka kuri acaricidal ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa buke.
Ave · Hexythiazox irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga ibitagangurirwa byigitagangurirwa cyangwa ibitagangurirwa mu bihe byinshi, ariko ingaruka zabyo kuri mite zikuze ntabwo ari nziza. Birasabwa kubigenzura mugihe cyambere cyibibaho, kandi nta tandukaniro ryingaruka mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buhindutse cyane.
7 Abamectin · Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron ni umuti mushya wica udukoko twa thiourea wakozwe na Ciba-Kaji (ubu ni Syngenta) mu myaka ya za 1980. Ikoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko twa Lepidoptera nk'inyenzi ya diyama, inyo ya cabage, inzoka y'ibishyimbo ku bihingwa bitandukanye ndetse n'ibiti by'imitako, ndetse n'udukoko twa pteroptera nk'ibibabi, amababi yera na aphide, ndetse n'udusimba twa fytofagisi nk'igitagangurirwa (igitagangurirwa) na tarsal mite. Ifite ingaruka zo kwica gukoraho, uburozi bwigifu, fumigasiyo no kwinjirira imbere. Diafenthiuron igira ingaruka gahoro ku magi, livre, nymphs n'abantu bakuru, ariko ingaruka zayo ku magi ntabwo ari nziza. Uburyo bwibikorwa ni uko ifite ibikorwa byibinyabuzima nyuma yo kubora ibiva muri karbodiimide munsi yizuba (ultraviolet) cyangwa munsi ya oxydease ikora mumubiri wudukoko, kandi karbodiimide irashobora guhitamo guhuza Fo-ATPase hamwe na poroteyine yo hanze ya membrane. muri membrane y'imbere ya mitochondriya kugirango ibuze guhumeka mitochondrial, ibangamira imikorere ya selile mitochondriya mu mubiri w’udukoko, igire ingaruka ku guhumeka no guhindura ingufu, kandi bigatuma udukoko dupfa.
Avidin ntishobora gusa kurwanya udukoko twangiza nk'igitagangurirwa na miti ya tarsal mu bihingwa, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya udukoko twa lepidoptera na homoptera, ariko bigira ingaruka mbi kuri mite cyangwa amagi y'udukoko. Irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubundi bwoko bwimiti yica udukoko hamwe ningaruka zikomeye cyangwa igihe kirekire, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nabandi bica amagi, nka tetrapyrazine. Irumva kandi imboga zimwe na zimwe, nka kawuseri na broccoli, kandi ntibisabwa kuyikoresha mugihe cyo kurabyo.
8 Abamectin · Propargite
Propargite ni ubwoko bwa acariside ya sulfuru kama, yakozwe na Sosiyete yahoze yitwa Uniroy yo muri Amerika (ubu ni Copua Company yo muri Amerika) mu 1969. Uburyo bwayo bwo gukora ni inhibitor ya mitochondrial, ni ukuvuga kubuza guhuza imbaraga za mitochondial ( ATP) ya mite, bityo bigira ingaruka kuri metabolisme isanzwe no gusana mite no kwica mite. Ifite ingaruka zuburozi bwa gastrici, kwica no guhumeka, ntigira iyinjira ryimbere kandi ryinjira, kandi ifite ibikorwa byingenzi mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ifite ingaruka nziza kuri mite, nymphs na mite zikuze, ariko ibikorwa bike kumagi ya mite. Asing Kongera umurego munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi bizatera kwangirika gukabije kubice byibihingwa. Has Ifite ibiranga ingaruka zihuse, igihe kirekire cyingaruka, hamwe n ibisigara bike (kubera kutabyemera, imiti myinshi yamazi izaguma hejuru yibimera). Irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga miti yangiza cyane nka mite yamababi, icyayi cyumuhondo wicyayi, amababi y amababi, mitiweli, nibindi mubihingwa bitandukanye nka melon, imboga zibisi, ibiti byimbuto, ipamba, ibishyimbo, ibiti byicyayi nibiti by'imitako. .
Avi - acetyl mite irashobora kugenzura ubwoko bwinshi bwa mite yangiza kubihingwa. Ku bushyuhe runaka, uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugenzura, ariko ingaruka ku magi ya mite ni ntege nke, kandi urugero rwinshi ruzatanga ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukira ku bice bitoshye by’ibihingwa.
9 Abamectin · fenpropathrin
Fenpropathrin ni umuti wica udukoko twa pyrethroid na acariside wakozwe na Sumitomo mu 1973. Irashobora gukoreshwa kuri aphide, pamba bollworm, inyo ya cabage, inyenzi ya diyama, amababi, icyayi kibabi, inzoka, umutima, inzoka zo mu ndabyo, inyenzi zifite uburozi n’ibindi byonnyi bya Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera n’ibindi byonnyi ku ipamba, ibiti byera imbuto, imboga n’ibindi bihingwa, ndetse no gukumira igitagangurirwa gitukura n’ibindi byangiza. Ifite ingaruka zo kwica umuntu, uburozi bwigifu no kwanga, kandi nta ngaruka zo guhumeka no gutera. Ikora ku magi, mite ntoya, nymphs, mite ntoya na mite ikuze ya mite yangiza. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni uburozi bwimitsi, ni ukuvuga ko bukora kuri sisitemu yimitsi y udukoko, byangiza inzira yimitsi yudukoko, kandi bikabatera kurenza urugero, kumugara no gupfa. Ingaruka iratangaje ku bushyuhe buke, ariko ntishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, byoroshye kwangiza ibiyobyabwenge.
Avermethrin irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga ibihingwa hamwe nigitagangurirwa cyinshi nigitagangurirwa gitukura, ariko ingaruka zo kugenzura ziterwa nibihe. Kubera ko fenpropathrine ari pyrethroide, muri rusange ntishobora kurwanya ubundi bwoko bwa acariside, ariko irashobora kurwanya miti itandukanye yangiza, kandi biroroshye kubyara imiti irwanya ibiyobyabwenge, kandi irashobora no kurwanya lepidoptera itandukanye, ikomeretsa umunwa kandi ibindi byonnyi, ariko impamvu yubwoko butandukanye bwa pyrethroide no gukoresha imyaka myinshi, Ingaruka zo gukumira no kurwanya ntizishobora kuba nziza, bityo rero birasabwa kubanza gukoresha kwirinda. Ifishi ya dosiye irimo amavuta ya emulisifike, microemulsion hamwe nifu ya wettable.
10 Abamectin · Profenofos
Profenofos ni thiophosphate organophosphate insecticide na acaricide yakozwe na Ciba-Kaji (ubu ni Syngenta) mu 1975. Irashobora gukumira no kurwanya umunwa wica, guhekenya umunwa cyangwa udukoko twa lepidoptera nudukoko ku muceri, ipamba, ibiti byimbuto, imboga zikomeye, imitako, areca, cocout nibindi bimera, nka pamba bollworm, umuceri wamababi yumuceri, inyenzi ya diamback, inyenzi nijoro, aphid, thrips, igitagangurirwa gitukura, igihingwa cyumuceri, umucukuzi wamababi nibindi byonnyi. Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, ifite aho ihurira nuburozi bwigifu, uburyo bukomeye bwibihingwa, ingaruka nziza yangiza udukoko, ningaruka zo kwica amagi ibyonnyi na mite. Ariko nta kwinjiza imbere. Irashobora kwinjizwa vuba nubuso bwibimera, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwimura mumubiri wibimera. Irashobora kwanduzwa ku nkombe z’amababi kugira ngo yice udukoko twangiza, kandi Profenofos igira ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika ibikorwa by’udukoko acetylcholinesterase, bigabanya intege nke z’udukoko. Kuberako ibyinshi muri fosifore kama bifite ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe birwanya mite yangiza, ubwoko bumwe, avirin na Profenofos, burashobora gukoreshwa mukurinda miti yangiza.
11 Abamectin · chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos ni umuti wica udukoko twangiza umubiri wa Taoshi Yinong mu 1965. Byari bibujijwe gukoresha ku mbuto n'imboga mu Bushinwa ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2014, kandi byari bibujijwe rwose mu turere tumwe na tumwe (nka Hainan, n'ibindi) guhera mu 2020. Ifite. ingaruka zo kwica gukoraho, uburozi bwigifu, na fumigasi, ariko ntabuhumeka. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha, izabuza ibikorwa bya acetylcholinesterase mumubiri w udukoko, ibatera kuva muburinganire, gukabya gukabije, na spasime kugeza gupfa. Irashobora gukoreshwa mukurwanya borers, noctuide nizindi lepidoptera na coleoptera kumuceri, ibigori, soya, ibiti byimbuto nibindi bihingwa, hamwe nudukoko twangiza mu nsi nka borers stem ningwe, hamwe nudukoko dutandukanye nka leafminer.
Abamectin na chlorpyrifos banditse amoko arenga 60 mu Bushinwa, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya udukoko twa lepidoptera y’ibiti byera imbuto, ingwe zo mu butaka, grubs, nematode y’umuzi n’ibindi byonnyi byo mu kuzimu. Kimwe na fosifore nyinshi kama nka Profenofos, bafite ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe birwanya mite yangiza cyane, kandi birashobora no kugira uruhare mukurinda miti yangiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-20-2023
