Udukoko ntushobora kwangiza imikurire yumuceri gusa, ahubwo tunanduza indwara zishobora gutuma igabanuka ryinshi ryumusaruro nubwiza. Kubwibyo, ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya udukoko twangiza umuceri ningirakamaro kugirango umutekano wibiribwa. Hano, tuzasobanura uburyo bwo guhangana n’udukoko kugira ngo umuceri ukure neza.
Ingaruka z’udukoko twangiza umuceri ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi
Udukoko twangiza umuceri turashobora kwangiza byinshi, harimo isazi yumuceri, amababi yumuceri, hamwe numuceri. Ibyo byonnyi bitera ingaruka zikomeye kumikurire niterambere ryumuceri unyunyuza ibishishwa, guhekenya amababi no kwangiza imizi. Byongeye kandi, udukoko tumwe na tumwe dushobora kwanduza virusi zangiza ubuzima bw'umuceri.
Ibyangiritse biterwa nudukoko
Ingaruka zo gukura kwumuceri
Ingaruka z’udukoko ku mikurire yumuceri zigaragarira cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira:
Amarushanwa y'intungamubiri: Udukoko duhangana n'umuceri ku ntungamubiri zonsa igishishwa no guhekenya amababi, bikaviramo imirire mibi.
Intege nke za fotosintezeza: Udukoko twangiza amababi yumuceri, kugabanya agace ka fotosintetike no kugabanya imikorere ya fotosintezeza mumuceri.
Kurandura imizi: Udukoko nkumuceri wumuceri uzangiza imizi yumuceri, bigira ingaruka kumuceri wo gufata amazi nifumbire.
Kwanduza virusi
Udukoko nk'umuceri weevil ntabwo wangiza umuceri gusa, ahubwo unakora nka virusi. Binyuze mu myitwarire yo kuniga no kwonsa isazi z'umuceri, virusi zirashobora gukwirakwira vuba mu bindi bimera by'umuceri, bigatuma habaho indwara nyinshi za virusi, zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima no ku musaruro w'umuceri.
Kugabanuka mu musaruro no mu bwiza
Ibyonnyi byangiza birashobora gutuma igabanuka ryumusaruro wumuceri nubwiza. Umuceri watewe nudukoko ufite ibinyampeke byuzuye kandi bifite ubuziranenge buke, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bukungu bw’abahinzi.
Ubwoko bw'udukoko twangiza
Ibihingwa
Ibihingwa ni udukoko twonsa tubaho twonsa umuceri wumuceri. Ako gakoko ntigatera umuceri gusa, ahubwo kanduza n'indwara za virusi zangiza ubuzima bw'umuceri. Hariho amoko menshi yumuceri wumuceri, muribwo isazi yumukara nisazi ifashwe yera nibyo bikunze kugaragara.
Umuceri wamababi yumuceri
Ibibabi byumuceri Roller yinyoye amababi yumuceri hanyuma uyizunguze muri silinderi, bigabanya agace ka fotosintetike kandi bigira ingaruka kumikurire isanzwe yumuceri. Ako gakoko karashobora kugaragara mubyiciro byose byo gukura kwumuceri kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro wumuceri.
Umuceri Amazi Weevil
Ibinyomoro byumuceri byigaburira cyane cyane kumizi yumuceri, byangiza imizi kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwumuceri bwo gufata amazi nifumbire, bigatuma imikurire idakura neza. Abakuze birisha amababi yumuceri, nabyo bigira ingaruka kumikurire yumuceri muri rusange.
Umuceri w'ingabo
Inzoka zumuceri zirisha amababi yumuceri, kandi mugihe gikomeye, ikibabi cyose kiribwa, bikagira ingaruka kumafoto yumuceri. Ibinyomoro byumuceri bifite abaturage benshi, byororoka vuba, kandi byangiza cyane umuceri.
Umuceri
Umuceri wumuceri nudukoko duto turokoka cyane cyane mu kunwa ibishishwa mumababi yumuceri, bigatera ibibara byera cyangwa imirongo kumababi, kandi mubihe bikomeye amababi ahinduka umuhondo akuma. Ibicuruzwa byumuceri bigira ingaruka mbi ku musaruro nubwiza bwumuceri.
Umuceri Gall Midge
Ibinyomoro byumuceri gall midge yibasira uduce duto twumuceri hanyuma tugakora gall, bikagira ingaruka kumikurire isanzwe yumuceri kandi mubihe bikomeye bigatuma ibihingwa byangirika. Umuceri gall umuceri ufite ingaruka zikomeye kumikurire yumuceri kandi biragoye kubigenzura.
Umuceri wibiti byumuceri
Umuceri Stem Borer yiroha mumashami yumuceri kugirango agaburire, bigatuma amahwa avunika cyangwa apfa, bigira ingaruka kumusaruro nubwiza bwumuceri. Icyiciro kinini cya Rice Stem Borer nicyiciro cyangiza cyane, kandi ingamba zo kugenzura zigomba kwibanda kuri iki cyiciro.
Umuceri Bug
Umuceri wumuceri ubaho unyunyuza umutobe wumuceri, bigatuma ibinyampeke bihinduka umukara na shrivel, bigira ingaruka kumusaruro. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwumuceri, ariko ibisanzwe ni icyatsi kibisi kibisi.
Ububiko bw'umuceri
Ibinyomoro byububiko bwibibabi byumuceri bihekenya amababi yumuceri hanyuma bikazunguruka amababi mu muyoboro, bigira ingaruka kuri fotosintezeza kandi biganisha ku mikurire mibi no kugabanya umusaruro. Igenzura ryinyenzi zumuceri zigomba gukorwa hakiri kare kugirango hagabanuke kwangirika kwumuceri.
Kumenyekanisha udukoko dukunze gukoreshwa
Imidacloprid
Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurwanya isazi yumuceri, thrips yumuceri nibindi byonnyi byangiza umunwa.
Ibiranga: Imidacloprid ifite imiterere myiza ya sisitemu, irashobora kwinjira vuba mubihingwa, ikagira ubuzima burebure, kandi ikaba ari inshuti yinzuki n'ibidukikije.
Chlorantraniliprole
Imikoreshereze: Nibyiza kurwanya guhekenya umunwa wumuceri wumuceri, umuceri wumuceri nibindi byonnyi.
Ibiranga: Chlorantraniliprole ifite ingaruka zikomeye zuburozi bwo gukoraho nigifu, igihe kirekire cyo gukora, n'umutekano mwinshi kubidukikije ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bidafite intego.
Thiamethoxam
Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane mukurwanya isazi yera, umuceri weevil hamwe nudukoko twangiza.
Ibiranga: Thiamethoxam ifite sisitemu itunganijwe kandi yinjira, irashobora kwica udukoko vuba, kandi ifite ibisigara bike, kandi yangiza ibidukikije.
Carbendazim
Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurwanya umuceri gall midge, umuceri wumuceri nibindi byonnyi.
Ibiranga: Carbendazim igira ingaruka nziza zuburozi zo gukoraho nigifu, kandi bigira ingaruka kumoko menshi yudukoko, kandi bifite umutekano mwinshi kubimera nibidukikije.
Acetamiprid
Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa mukurwanya umurima wumuceri caterpillar, borer yumuceri nibindi byonnyi.
Ibiranga: Acephate igira ingaruka nziza kandi zifite amayeri, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukomeza kandi ningaruka zikomeye zo kwica udukoko.
Cypermethrin
Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda no kurwanya isazi yumuceri, inyenzi zumuceri nudukoko twangiza.
Ibiranga: Cypermethrin ifite ingaruka zikomeye zuburozi zo gukoraho nigifu, ingaruka nziza-byihuse, ibisigara bike, kandi bifite umutekano muke kubidukikije.
Ibyifuzo byo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko
Guhitamo imiti yica udukoko ukurikije ubwoko bw udukoko
Iyo uhisemo kwica udukoko, guhitamo bigomba gushingira kumoko yihariye y udukoko. Udukoko dutandukanye dufite sensibilité zitandukanye zica udukoko twica udukoko, kandi guhitamo neza imiti bishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kugenzura no kugabanya imyanda yimiti.
Gukoresha neza uburyo bwa dosiye nuburyo bwo gusaba
Iyo ukoresheje udukoko twica udukoko, dosiye igomba gukoreshwa hubahirijwe amabwiriza yo kwirinda kurenza cyangwa gukoreshwa. Kurenza urugero ntabwo ari uguta imiti gusa, ahubwo birashobora no guteza ingaruka zidakenewe kubidukikije ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bidafite intego. Uburyo bwo gusaba nabwo bugomba guhitamo ukurikije ibihe byihariye, nko gutera no gutera imbuto, kugirango bigerweho neza.
Kuzunguruka kugirango wirinde guhangana
Iyo imiti yica udukoko imwe ikoreshwa mugihe kirekire, udukoko dukunda gutera imbaraga zo kurwanya, bigatuma kugabanuka kwingaruka zo kurwanya. Kubwibyo, birasabwa guhinduranya imikoreshereze yubwoko butandukanye bw’udukoko kugira ngo udukoko twangirika kandi twirinde ingaruka zo kurwanya.
Ingamba zuzuye zo kugenzura
Kugenzura ubuhinzi
Kugaragara no kwangirika kw’udukoko birashobora kugabanuka hifashishijwe ingamba zo gucunga ubuhinzi bwa siyansi, nko guhinduranya ibihingwa bifatika, gutera amoko arwanya indwara no kunoza imicungire y’imirima.
Kugenzura umubiri
Gukoresha uburyo bwumubiri, nkumutego, umutego woroheje, nibindi, birashobora kugabanya neza umubare w udukoko no kugabanya ibyonnyi byangiza umuceri.
Kugenzura ibinyabuzima
Mu kumenyekanisha cyangwa kurinda abanzi karemano b’udukoko, nk'udukoko twa parasitike, udukoko twangiza, n'ibindi, umubare w’udukoko dushobora kugenzurwa bisanzwe kandi ikoreshwa ry’udukoko twica udukoko dushobora kugabanuka.
Kugenzura imiti
Iyo bibaye ngombwa, imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu kugenzura, ariko hakwiye kwitabwaho kugira ngo dushyire mu gaciro kandi uhindure imikoreshereze kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka zidakenewe ku bidukikije no ku binyabuzima bidafite intego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2024
