Mu buhinzi, imiti yica udukoko n’ibyatsi ntibifasha abahinzi kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa gusa ahubwo binarwanya udukoko n’ibyatsi neza. Nyamara, hari imiti yica udukoko hamwe nudukoko twangiza ibintu bitandukanye ku isoko. Iyi ngingo izasesengura iki kibazo mu buryo burambuye, igaragaze ko hakenewe imiti yica udukoko hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa.
Itandukaniro mu ntego
Udukoko dutandukanye nubwoko bwibyatsi bifite sensibilité zitandukanye kubakozi. Kurugero, glyphosate ikora neza kurwanya ibyatsi byinshi, mugihe nicosulfuron ikoreshwa cyane mukurwanya ibyatsi bibi. Ihindagurika rituma ari ngombwa ko abahinzi bahitamo umukozi ukwiye kugirango ibintu bigerweho.
Uburyo bwinshi bwibikorwa
Imiti yica udukoko ikora binyuze muburozi bwigifu, uburozi mukoraho, fumigasi, endosorption, nibindi. Kurugero, udukoko twica udukoko dukenera kwinjizwa nudukoko, mugihe udukoko twica udukoko dukeneye gusa guhura nudukoko kugirango tugire akamaro.
Umutekano
Umutekano ni ikintu cyingenzi muguhitamo imiti yica udukoko nudukoko. Ibigize bimwe bifite umutekano muke kandi ntibishobora kwangiza ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima bidafite intego, mu gihe ibindi bishobora kuba ari uburozi, ariko ingaruka z’udukoko twica udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi byangiza cyane mu bihe byihariye. Kubwibyo, abahinzi bakeneye guhitamo bashingiye kumikoreshereze nibisabwa mumutekano.
Kurwanya
Gukoresha igihe kirekire imiti yica udukoko cyangwa imiti yica ibyatsi birashobora gutuma habaho iterambere ryokwangiza udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi bibi. Kugirango utinde iterambere ryokurwanya, kuzunguruka cyangwa kuvanga ikoreshwa ryibintu bitandukanye nuburyo bwiza. Ibi ntibitezimbere kugenzura gusa, ahubwo binongerera igihe cyimirimo yimiti.
Ibiranga ibihingwa
Ibihingwa biratandukanye muburyo bwo kwihanganira imiti. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byica ibyatsi birashobora kuba byiza kubihingwa bimwe kandi byangiza ibindi. Kurugero, ibintu bimwe bifite umutekano kubwingano ariko birashobora kuba uburozi kubigori. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo icyatsi kibisi cyibihingwa runaka.
Ibidukikije byo gukoresha
Ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere no guteza udukoko. Ibigize bimwe bishobora kuba bihuye nibidukikije byihariye. Kurugero, udukoko twica udukoko turashobora kutagira ingaruka nziza mubihe bishyushye, mugihe ibyatsi bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuba byiza mubushuhe bwinshi.
Ibisabwa Igihe gisigaye
Rimwe na rimwe, birashobora kuba ngombwa guhitamo ibirungo bifite igihe gito gisigaye kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka ku bihingwa byakurikiyeho, mu gihe mu bindi bihe, ibirungo bifite igihe kirekire gisigaye bishobora kuba byiza mu kurwanya ibibazo by’ibyatsi bibi. Kurugero, gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi hamwe nigihe kirekire gisigaye mu murima bishobora kugabanya ibyatsi bibi, bityo bikagabanya amafaranga yumurimo.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byica udukoko
Organochlorines
Imiti yica udukoko twa Organochlorine ni imiti yica udukoko dufite amateka maremare yo gukora neza kandi yagutse. Ariko, kubera imiterere yigihe kirekire gisigaye mubidukikije hamwe nuburozi bwibinyabuzima bidafite intego, imikoreshereze yabyo yagabanutse cyane.
Organofosifate
Imiti yica udukoko twitwa Organophosifore nicyiciro gikoreshwa cyane cyica udukoko dufite uburozi bwinshi ningaruka nziza zica udukoko. Nyamara, ibyo bikoresho bifite ubumara bukabije kubantu ninyamaswa, kandi bisaba kwitondera byumwihariko kurinda umutekano iyo bikoreshejwe.
Carbamates
Imiti yica udukoko twa Carbamate ikora neza kandi yihuse, kandi ikora neza kurwanya udukoko twinshi. Uburozi bwabo buke ugereranije ningaruka nke kubidukikije bituma bahitamo neza.
Pyrethroide
Imiti yica udukoko twa Pyrethroid ikururwa kandi ikomatanyirizwa muri pyrethroide karemano kandi irangwa nubushobozi buhanitse, uburozi buke hamwe nubunini bwagutse. Iyi miti yica udukoko yangiza ibidukikije kandi igira ingaruka nke kubinyabuzima bidafite intego.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byica ibyatsi
Acide ya Fenoxycarboxylic
Fenoxycarboxylic acide herbiside ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda no kurwanya ibyatsi bibi, hamwe no guhitamo neza hamwe nuburozi buke, ni kimwe mubintu bisanzwe byica ibyatsi.
Acide ya Benzoic
Imiti ya Benzoic acide igera ku ngaruka ziterwa no kwangiza imisemburo y’ibimera, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira no kurwanya nyakatsi. Bafite guhitamo neza kandi bafite umutekano kubihingwa.
Diphenyl ether
Diphenyl ether herbicides yica cyane urumamfu muguhagarika fotosintezeza kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kurwanya nyakatsi, ariko birashobora kuba uburozi kubihingwa bimwe na bimwe kandi bigomba gukoreshwa mubwitonzi.
Triazobenzene
Imiti ya Triazobenzene yica ibyatsi bibangamira fotosintezeza na hormone zo gukura kw'ibimera, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya nyakatsi mu bihingwa bitandukanye.
Kwirinda gukoresha
Iyo ukoresheje udukoko twica udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi, ni ngombwa gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’ibicuruzwa n’amabwiriza abigenga kugira ngo intego yo kugenzura igerweho mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze, no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije n’ibindi binyabuzima.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu bikorwa imiti yica udukoko n’ibyatsi ntibishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kugenzura gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Impirimbanyi y’ibinyabuzima irashobora kurindwa kandi ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima zidafite intego zirashobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa siyansi bwo gukoresha.
Guhinduranya bifatika
Kugirango wirinde kugaragara no guteza imbere kurwanya, birasabwa guhinduranya mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bitandukanye. Ibi ntibizongerera igihe cya serivisi yimiti gusa, ahubwo bizamura ingaruka zo kugenzura no guteza imbere umusaruro urambye wubuhinzi.
Impanuro zumwuga
Niba ufite ikibazo kijyanye no guhimba cyangwa gukoresha imiti yihariye, birasabwa kugisha inama abatekinisiye babigize umwuga. Barashobora gutanga inama zubumenyi kuri buri kibazo kugirango bafashe abahinzi guhitamo neza.
Umwanzuro
Muri make, udukoko twica udukoko hamwe nudukoko twica udukoko twinshi twashizweho kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye kandi dusubize mubihe bitandukanye. Guhitamo neza no gukoresha ibyo bikoresho ntabwo biteza imbere igenzura gusa, ahubwo binarengera ibidukikije kandi biteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
1. Nigute ushobora guhitamo imiti yica udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi?
Guhitamo imiti ikwiye ishingiye ku bwoko bw’udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi, ibiranga ibihingwa n’ibidukikije, mu gihe harebwa uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano no kurwanya.
2. Nigute wakemura ikibazo cyo kwica udukoko cyangwa kurwanya ibyatsi?
Muguhinduranya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho hamwe nibintu bitandukanye, kugaragara kwurwanya birashobora gutinda neza kandi ingaruka zo kugenzura zirashobora kunozwa.
3. Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa nudukoko hamwe nudukoko twangiza ibidukikije?
Gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro birashobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, ariko gukoresha nabi bishobora gutera umwanda no kwangiza ibinyabuzima bidafite intego.
4. Nigute ibihingwa bishobora kurindwa imiti?
Hitamo ibirungo bifite umutekano kubihingwa kandi ukurikize hafi kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero.
5. Nigute ushobora gukoresha inshuro zo gukoresha udukoko twica udukoko cyangwa ibyatsi?
Inshuro zikoreshwa zigomba kugenzurwa neza ukurikije ibihe byihariye no kugenzura ibikenewe, kandi ukirinda kwishingikiriza cyane kumukozi umwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2024
