Ibisobanuro byoroshye: ibyatsi bidatoranijwe byica ibimera byose, imiti yica ibyatsi yica ibyatsi bidakenewe gusa kandi ntibica ibimera bifite agaciro (harimo ibihingwa cyangwa ibimera, nibindi).
Imiti yica ibyatsi ni iki?
Mugutera ibyatsi byatoranijwe kumurima wawe, ibyatsi bibi byangiritse byangizwa nibicuruzwa mugihe ibyatsi nibimera ushaka bitagira ingaruka.
Imiti yica ibyatsi ni amahitamo meza mugihe ubonye urumamfu rukura ahantu ushaka ibyatsi nibihingwa, ntugomba rero guhangayikishwa no gukuramo neza witonze no kubona imiti kumyatsi yawe no kuyangiza muri gahunda.
Imiti yica ibyatsi iroroshye gukoresha. Kurikiza gusa amabwiriza ya label hanyuma uvange amahitamo yawe yo guhitamo imiti yica ibyatsi n'amazi mumashanyarazi. Urashobora noneho kuyitera kumiti igenewe ushaka gukuraho!
Ibyatsi bibi byatoranijwe
Mugutandukanya ibyatsi nibindi bihingwa cyangwa ibihingwa, urashobora kwibasira urumamfu rwo gutera. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kubikora ni ugutera imiti nyuma yo gutera imyaka na nyakatsi.
Mubyukuri ibyatsi byatoranijwe
Kuri ubu, urashobora gutera imiti yica ibyatsi ku murima cyangwa mu murima utitaye ku kwangiza ibindi bimera. Guhitamo kwukuri birashobora kugerwaho muburyo butatu:
Physiologique, ibi bivuze ko uburyo ibimera bifata imiti, ibihingwa ushaka kuvanaho bifata imiti byihuse kuruta ibihingwa udashaka.
Morphologique, ibi bivuga ibiranga urumamfu rushobora kugira, nkubwoko bwibabi, harimo ubugari, umusatsi, nibindi.
Metabolically, mugihe ibihingwa ushaka kurinda birashobora guhinduranya imiti nta byangiritse, urumamfu ntirushobora.
Hamwe nimiti yica ibyatsi, ni ngombwa kumenya no gusoma icyerekezo witonze kugirango utangiza ibihingwa ushaka kugumana. Wibuke ko imikorere ya herbicide iterwa nigihe uyikoresheje nuburyo ukoresha.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyatsi byatoranijwe bikunzwe?
1. 2,4-D
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe cyane mu kurwanya nyakatsi nini mu byatsi, ibihingwa by'ibinyampeke, urwuri, n'ahantu hatari ibihingwa.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe urumamfu rugenda rwiyongera.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Yigana imisemburo yibihingwa yitwa auxins, itera gukura kutagenzuwe kandi amaherezo urupfu rwikimera.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi, guhitamo ibyatsi bibi.
2. Dicamba
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi, akenshi bifatanije n’ibindi byatsi biva mu bigori na soya.
Igihe: Irashobora gukoreshwa haba mbere na nyuma yo kugaragara.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Kimwe na 2,4-D, Dicamba akora nka auxin synthique, biganisha kumikurire idasanzwe nurupfu rwicyatsi.
Ubwoko: Gutoranya ibyatsi, cyane cyane byibasira ibyatsi bibi.
3. MCPA
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Bikunze gukoreshwa mubihingwa byimbuto, gucunga ibyatsi, ninzuri kugirango urinde ibyatsi bibi.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe cyo gukura kwatsi.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Imikorere nka sintetike auxin, isa na 2,4-D, ihungabanya inzira yo gukura mubyatsi bibi.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi bivamo ibyatsi bibi.
4. Triclopyr
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Bikora neza kurwanya ibiti n’ibiti byatsi, bikoreshwa mu mashyamba, uburenganzira-bwo-bwo, no gucunga urwuri.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara, akenshi bikoreshwa mukuvura ahantu.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Gukora nka auxin synthique, guhagarika imikurire yibimera bigenewe.
Ubwoko: Ibyatsi byica ibyatsi, cyane cyane kubiti byimbaho kandi binini.
5. Atrazine
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe cyane mubihingwa byibigori nibisheke kugirango bigabanye ibyatsi bibi n’ibyatsi.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe mbere yo kugaragara cyangwa nyuma yo kugaragara.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza fotosintezeza mubwoko bwibimera byoroshye.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi biva mugari hamwe nibyatsi bibi.
6. Clopyralid
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Ireba ibyatsi bimwe bigari muri turfgrass, urwuri, hamwe nubutaka.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe cyo gukura gukomeye.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Ubundi bufasha bwa sintetike, butera gukura kutagenzuwe kandi kudasanzwe mubihingwa bigari.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi byica ibyatsi bibi.
7. Fluazifop-P-butyl
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu bihingwa bitandukanye birimo soya, imboga, n'imitako.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe ibyatsi bibi ari bito kandi bikura cyane.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza synthesis ya lipide, ningirakamaro kugirango imiterere ya selile yibyatsi.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi biva mubyatsi bibi.
8. Metribuzin
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Ikoreshwa mu bihingwa nk'ibirayi, inyanya, na soya kugira ngo bigabanye ibyatsi bigari n'ibyatsi bibi.
Igihe: Birashobora gukoreshwa mbere yo kugaragara cyangwa nyuma yo kugaragara.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza fotosintezeza guhuza uruganda rwa fotosistem II mu bimera.
Ubwoko: Ibyatsi byatoranijwe byatsi kandi byatsi.
9. Pendimethalin
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe nk'ibyatsi byabanje kugaragara mu kurwanya ibyatsi ndetse n’ibyatsi bimwe na bimwe bigari mu bihingwa nk'ibigori, soya, n'imboga.
Igihe: Gukoresha mbere yo kugaragara kubutaka mbere yuko imbuto z'ibyatsi zimera.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza kugabana ingirabuzimafatizo no kurambura ingemwe zimera.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi, mbere yo kwigaragaza.
10.Clethodim
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Ireba ibyatsi bibi mu bihingwa bigari nka soya, ipamba, nizuba.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe ibyatsi bibi bimera neza.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ningirakamaro muguhindura aside irike mubyatsi.
Ubwoko: Guhitamo ibyatsi biva mubyatsi bibi.
Buri kimwe muri ibyo byatsi gikoreshwa hifashishijwe umurongo ngenderwaho kugira ngo habeho kurwanya nyakatsi mu gihe hagabanywa ibyangiritse ku bimera byifuzwa. Igihe gikwiye nuburyo bukoreshwa ningirakamaro kugirango batsinde kandi birinde iterambere ryokurwanya mubyatsi bibi.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyatsi bidahitamo?
Mugutera imiti yica ibyatsi idahitamo, wijejwe rwose kurandura ibimera ibyo aribyo byose (haba mugari cyangwa ibyatsi bibi) kurubuga rusaba hamwe na spray imwe gusa.
Imiti yica ibyatsi idahitamo nibyiza cyane kurandura ahantu nyakatsi itagomba gukura na gato, nkuruzitiro rwuruzitiro, inzira zumuhanda, ninzira nyabagendwa. Kubera imiti yica ibyatsi idahitamo, urashobora kuyikoresha cyane niba ushaka gukuraho urumamfu rwose mumurongo wawe, aho kugirango witondere kuvura indwara.
Imiti idahitamo ibyatsi biroroshye gukoresha. Kurikiza gusa amabwiriza ya label hanyuma uvange imiti idahitamo ibyatsi wahisemo n'amazi mumashanyarazi. Urashobora noneho kuyitera kumiti igenewe ushaka kuvanaho, nkibyo!
Twandikire
Menyesha ibyatsikora vuba. Mubisanzwe bica nyakatsi mumasaha make, bamwe mugihe kitarenze igice cyisaha kumunsi wizuba. Menyesha imiti yica ibyatsi nibyiza cyane kuriurumamfu rw'umwaka, cyane cyane ingemwe.
Niba ushaka gukurahoimyaka myinshi, ibuka ko guhuza ibyatsi bizica gusa ibihingwa byo hejuru.
Sisitemu
Ubundi bwoko bwimiti idahwitse ikora muri aSisitemuinzira. Imiti yinjira mu gihingwa ikoresheje igice kimwe cy’igihingwa (ubusanzwe imizi) hanyuma igakwira mu gihingwa. Ubu buryo bukora gusa ku bimera ushobora kubona, ntabwo rero birinda.
Ntugomba guhangayikishwa n'imiti iri muri sisitemu yica ibyatsi isigaye mu butaka kuko ibura igihingwa kimaze gupfa.
Nibihe bimwe bizwi cyane bidahitamo imiti yica ibyatsi?
1. Glyphosate
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe cyane mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi n’ibyatsi mu buhinzi, ubuhinzi bw’imboga, no kurwanya nyakatsi.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe urumamfu rugenda rwiyongera.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza enzyme EPSP synthase, ikenerwa muguhuza aside amine yingenzi mubimera, biganisha ku rupfu rwibimera.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
2. Diquat
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Akenshi bikoreshwa mukurwanya ibyatsi byo mu mazi no gutegura imirima mbere yo gutera. Ikoreshwa kandi mukurandura imyaka mbere yo gusarura.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara; ikora vuba.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Ihagarika fotosintezeza itanga ubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora, biganisha ku kwangirika kw ingirabuzimafatizo no gupfa.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
3. Glufosinate
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe mu kurwanya ibyatsi byinshi mu buhinzi, cyane cyane ku bihingwa byahinduwe mu rwego rwo kubirwanya.
Igihe: Gukoresha nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe urumamfu rugenda rwiyongera.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza enzyme glutamine synthetase, biganisha ku kwirundanya kwa ammonia mubice byibihingwa no gupfa kw'ibimera.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
4. Paraquat
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe mu kurwanya nyakatsi n'ibyatsi ahantu henshi mu buhinzi no mu buhinzi. Bitewe n'uburozi bwayo bwinshi, imikoreshereze yacyo irateganijwe cyane.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara; ikora vuba.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Bivanga na fotosintezeza mugukora ubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora, bigatera kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo no gupfa byihuse.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
5. Imazapyr
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe kurwanya ubwoko butandukanye bwumwaka nimyaka myinshi, ibihuru, nibiti. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda, uburenganzira-bw-inzira, n’amashyamba.
Igihe: Irashobora gukoreshwa haba mbere na nyuma yo kugaragara.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Irabuza enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), ningirakamaro muguhuza insina-aminide acide amashami, biganisha ku rupfu rwibimera.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
6. Acide Pelargonic
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe vuba vuba ibimera kandi bizwi cyane mubuhinzi-mwimerere no guhinga kuko bikomoka ku bimera.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara; ikora vuba.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Guhagarika uturemangingo, biganisha ku kwangirika vuba kwingirangingo.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
7. Vinegere (Acide Acike)
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byakoreshejwe nk'ibyatsi bisanzwe, bidatoranijwe mu kuvura nyakatsi mu busitani no mu byatsi.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara; kwibanda cyane (mubisanzwe 20% cyangwa birenga) nibyiza cyane.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Kugabanya pH yigihingwa, bigatera kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
8. Umunyu (Sodium Chloride)
Gushyira mu bikorwa: Akenshi bikoreshwa hamwe na vinegere cyangwa ibindi bintu bisanzwe byo kuvura nyakatsi. Gukoresha cyane birashobora gukurura ibibazo byumunyu wubutaka.
Igihe: Byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kugaragara.
Uburyo bwibikorwa: Guhagarika uburinganire bwa osmotic mungirangingo y'ibimera, bigatera umwuma n'urupfu.
Ubwoko: Imiti idahitamo.
Buri kimwe muri ibyo byatsi bidatoranijwe bifite imiti yihariye hamwe nubuyobozi bukoreshwa kugirango harebwe ibyatsi bibi mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka mbi ku bimera byifuzwa n’ibidukikije. Uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha no kwirinda umutekano ni ngombwa mugihe ukoresheje ibyo bicuruzwa.
Nigute nkoresha iyi miti yica ibyatsi?
Urashaka kwemeza ko uzi gushyira mubikorwa buri cyiciro kugirango wemeze ibisubizo byiza.
Imiti yica ibyatsi ihitamo gukumira ibyatsi bibi, kandi urashobora kubikoresha mbere yuko bigaragara. Gukoresha ibyatsi biva mu gihe cyitumba nimpeshyi kare birashobora kuba ingirakamaro.
Niba warabonye ibimenyetso byurumamfu, urashobora gukoresha icyo bita ibyatsi byica ibyatsi. Amababi arayakuramo kandi imiti ikwirakwira aho. Koresha iyi miti yica mugihe cyizuba, mugihe ibihingwa bikiri bito kandi byoroshye.
Hamwe nudukoko twangiza ibyatsi, kwitonda nibyingenzi niba hari ibindi bimera bikeneye gukingirwa. Kugira ngo usibe umurima wo gutera, urashobora gutera imiti yica ibyatsi nkuko bikenewe, ariko ukoreshe ubwitonzi bwo kuvura ibintu bikikije umuhanda.
Wibuke ko ibyatsi (cyane cyane bitatoranijwe) birimo uburozi bwangiza abantu ninyamanswa. Irinde kubishyira kuruhu rwawe no kumyenda.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyatsi nahitamo?
Hitamo ibyatsi bidahitamo niba ushaka ibyatsi byihuta bizagufasha gusukura umurima wawe cyangwa umurima wawe mbere yo gutera ibihingwa wifuza. Wibuke ko iyi atari imiti yica ibyatsi, bityo rero uzakenera kongera kuyikoresha umwaka ukurikira kugirango ukureho nyakatsi.
Koresha imiti yica ibyatsi niba ushaka gushobora gukuraho ibyatsi bibi nibindi bimera bitera utangiza imyaka yawe cyangwa ibihingwa ushaka kubika.
Ibibazo
Icyatsi cyatoranijwe ni iki?
Imiti yica ibyatsi ni ubwoko bwibyatsi byica gusa ibyatsi bibi bitagize ingaruka kubindi bimera.
Icyatsi kidahitamo iki?
Imiti idahwitse ni imwe yica amoko y'ibimera byose, ntabwo ari ibyatsi bibi gusa.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gutoranya ibyatsi n'ibidahitamo?
Imiti yica ibyatsi yibasira gusa ubwoko bwihariye bwibyatsi kandi ntibigira ingaruka kubindi bimera, mugihe ibyatsi bitatoranijwe byica ubwoko bwose bwibimera.
Ese ibyatsi bidahitamo byica ibyatsi?
Nibyo, ibyatsi bitatoranijwe bizica ibyatsi byose.
Nigute nakoresha imiti yica ibyatsi?
Imiti yica ibyatsi igomba gukoreshwa ukurikije icyerekezo cya label, mugihe cyikirere gikwiye kandi mugihe urumamfu rugamije gukura cyane kugirango umutekano n'umutekano bigerweho.
Ni ryari wakoresha imiti yica ibyatsi?
Imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe mugihe ibyatsi bibi bigamije gukura byihuse kubisubizo byiza.
Kuki abahinzi bahitamo gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi?
Abahinzi bahitamo gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi kugira ngo barinde neza ibyatsi bibi bitarinze kwangiza imyaka, bityo umusaruro w’ibihingwa nubwiza.
Ese 2,4-D ni imiti yica ibyatsi?
Nibyo, 2,4-D ni imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurwanya ibyatsi bibi.
Atrazine yaba imiti yica ibyatsi?
Nibyo, atrazine nicyatsi cyatoranijwe gikoreshwa muguhashya ibyatsi bigari hamwe nicyatsi kibisi.
Glyphosate ni imiti yica ibyatsi?
Oya. Glyphosate ni imiti yica ibyatsi idahitamo kwica ibimera byose.
Ese paraquat ni imiti yica ibyatsi?
Oya. Paraquat ni imiti idahitamo yica ibimera byose ihura nabyo.
Soda yo guteka ifatwa nkibyatsi bidahitamo?
Oya, soda yo guteka ntabwo isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibyatsi bidatoranijwe.
Ese ibyatsi bidahitamo byica ibyatsi?
Nibyo, ibyatsi bitatoranijwe bizica ibyatsi.
Ese ibyatsi bidahitamo byangiza inyenzi?
Imiti yica ibyatsi idahitamo irashobora kwangiza udusimba tw’ibisimba hamwe n’ibindi binyabuzima kandi bigomba gukoreshwa ubwitonzi.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhitamo ibyatsi byica inkoko?
Imiti yatoranijwe irimo flumetsulfuron cyangwa ethoxyfluorfen irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugucunga inkoko.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwica ibyatsi byica abayapani?
Ibyatsi byatoranijwe birimo flusulfuron bifite akamaro mukurwanya imyuka yabayapani.
Ese ibyatsi byatoranijwe bizica centipedegras?
Bimwe mu byatsi byatoranijwe bishobora kwica centipedegras, ariko ikirango kigomba kugenzurwa kugirango hamenyekane niba bishoboka.
Ese imiti yica ibyatsi izangiza imbuto ku biti byimbuto?
Ibyatsi byinshi byatoranijwe ntabwo byangiza imbuto, ariko bigomba gukoreshwa mubwitonzi kugirango birinde guhura nimbuto.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhitamo ibyatsi bishobora gukoreshwa kuri periwinkle?
Imiti yica udukoko nka flumetsulfuron irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mu kurwanya nyakatsi kuri periwinkle ntoya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2024
